This study, commissioned by the European Parliament's Policy Department for Citizens'
Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, aims to provide
insight on the meaningful inclusion of women - where women have decision-making
authority - in peace and transition processes. Inclusive peace frameworks not only better
reflect the diversity of society, they increase the durability and the quality of peace. Yet,
awarding decision-making authority to those waging the war and not to those waging the
peace remains a reoccurring theme in most armed conflict situations.
The study presents available data on fragility and armed conflict and takes stock of the
global arms trade. It examines progress on the implementation of the United Nations
Security Council Resolution 1325 and subsequent resolutions. It assesses global
commitments, European Union application of the Women, Peace and Security agenda,
National Action Plans and global peace and security indicators. The study explores
women’s participation across the peacemaking landscape, including peace and transition
processes. Moreover, an evaluation of the factors that enhance and constrain women’s
meaningful participation in peacemaking is put forward. The study highlights the impact
of war on women and children and draws attention to the engagement of women across
the peacemaking landscape in two case studies, Rwanda and Syria. Lastly, the study
provides recommendations to achieve sustainable peace and transform global power
dynamics that currently favour traditional security perspectives.