TY  - BOOK
AU  - Mühlberger, Wolfgang
AU  - Ruohomäki, Olli
TI  - Middle Eastern Terror in Flux: : Mosul after Daesh, Daesh after Raqqa
T2  - FIIA Briefing Paper
SN  -  978-951-769-517-6
SN  -  1795-805
PY  - 2017///
PB  - The Finnish Institute of International Affairs
KW  - Seguridad
KW  - Estrategias de seguridad
KW  - Terrorismo internacional
KW  - Estado Islámico
KW  - Irak
KW  - Siria
N2  - The US withdrawal from Iraq in 2011 coincided with the militarisation of the upheaval in Syria, preparing the ground for Daesh to emerge as a transnational jihadist militia.
Daesh’s cross-border territorial gains from 2014 continue to be reversed on multiple fronts in Iraq and Syria as major military campaigns are being waged in Mosul and Al-Bab, and are under preparation in Raqqa, the "capital” of the self-styled caliphate. Remarkably, Palmyra, the only place recaptured by the Syrian military itself, was retaken by Daesh in December 2016.
A huge number of actors, often with conflicting goals, are involved in the anti-Daesh offensives: the Iraqi armed forces, supporting militias and the Popular Mobilisation Units; Kurdish-dominated armed factions; the Turkish military, Russia, Iran and the multinational Operation ‘Inherent Resolve’ are all engaged in this fight.
As no terrorist movement can operate effectively without a broad range of supporters, Iraq’s political arrangements and the peace-building process in Syria will significantly determine the future Sunni stance over extremist ideas and organisations, particularly Salafi-jihadism.
Furthermore, two main issues emerge with regard to an assumed post-Daesh order: the reorientation of its fighters, including foreign fighters returning to Europe and the capability of inclusive governance to roll back sectarianism
UR  - http://www.fiia.fi/en/publication/649/middle_eastern_terror_in_flux/
ER  -